X-marks : native signatures of assent /
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, North American Indian leaders commonly signed treaties with the European powers and the American and Canadian governments with an X, signifying their presence and assent to the terms. These x-marks indicated coercion (because the treaties were made und...
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Minneapolis :
University of Minnesota Press,
©2010.
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| Series: | Indigenous Americas.
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
Full text (Emmanuel users only) |