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Poverty : an international glossary

Table of Contents: “…About the Editors -- Editorial Board -- Contributors -- About CROP -- Introducing the glossary -- Definitions of poverty: twelve clusters of meaning -- Absolute Poverty -- Administrative Poverty -- Amenities -- Arabic (Traditional) Definitions of Poverty -- Area Deprivation -- Asset Vulnerability Framework -- Australian Definitions of Poverty -- Axiom of Monotonicity; Axiom of Transfers -- Basic Income -- Basic Needs -- Basic Security (Security of Existence) -- Begging -- Beveridge Scheme -- Bismarckian Social Insurance -- Brazilian Definitions of Poverty -- Budget Standards -- Calorie-Income Elasticity (CIE) -- Capabilities And Characteristics -- Charity -- Charity Organization Society -- Child Malnutrition -- Child Mortality -- Child Poverty -- Chinese Definitions of Poverty -- Chronic Poverty -- Class -- Command Over Resources -- Conditionality -- Consensual Methods -- Consumption -- Contextual Poverty -- Conversion Capacity -- Culture of Poverty -- Cycle of Deprivation -- Dependency -- Dependency Culture -- Dependency Theory -- Deprivation -- Deserving Poor -- Destitution -- Development -- Direct And Indirect Measures of Poverty -- Disability And Poverty -- Disadvantage -- Disqualification (La Disqualification Sociale) -- Diswelfare -- Economic Definitions of Poverty -- Economic Distance -- Editorial Board -- Empowerment -- Engel Coefficient -- Entitlement -- Equality -- Equivalence Scales -- European Relative Income Standard of Poverty -- European Union Definition of Poverty -- Exclusion -- Explanations for Poverty -- Extended Poverty Minimum -- Extreme Poverty -- Family Wage -- Famine -- Female Poverty -- Feminization of Poverty -- Food Shortages -- Foster, Greer And Thorbecke (FGT) Index -- Fourth World -- Fuel Poverty -- Gender Division of Labour -- Genetic Explanations -- Gini Coefficient -- Gnp Per Capita -- Head-Count Ratio Or Head-Count Index H -- Health And Poverty -- Homelessness -- Housing -- Human Development -- Human Poverty Index (HPI) -- Human Rights And Poverty -- Impoverishment -- Incentives to Work -- Income -- Income Distribution -- Income Elasticity of the Poverty Line -- Income Inelasticity of Demand -- Income Maintenance -- Income Smoothing -- Indicators -- Indices of Deprivation -- Indigence -- Informal Sector of the Economy -- Insertion -- Institutional Welfare -- Integrated Poverty Line -- Integrated Poverty (Pauvreté́́ Inté́́gré́́e) -- Intergenerational Continuity -- International Aid -- International Fund for Agricultural Development Definitions of Poverty -- Intra-Household Transfers -- Introducing the Glossary -- Inverse Care Law -- Islamic Definitions of Poverty -- Kuznets Inverted U Curve; Kuznets Ratio -- Laeken Indicators -- Landlessness -- Less Eligibility -- Living Standards Measurement Study -- Low Income Cut-Offs -- Luxembourg Income Study; Luxembourg Employment Study -- Malawi Poverty Profile -- Malnutrition -- Marginality -- Maternal Mortality And Morbidity -- Means-Testing -- Migration And Poverty -- Millennium Development Goals -- Minimum Income Standards -- Needs -- Neo-Philanthropy -- New Poor -- Non-Contributory Benefits -- Normative Standards -- Overall Poverty -- Overcrowding -- Participation -- Participatory Research -- Pauperism -- Philanthropy -- Philippines Definition of Poverty -- Poor Law -- Positional Goods -- Poverty Dominance -- Poverty Gap -- Poverty Gap Index (PGI) -- Poverty Line -- Poverty Production -- Poverty Profile -- Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers -- Poverty Trap -- Power -- Precarious Labour -- Precariousness -- Primary And Secondary Poverty -- Problem Families -- Redistribution -- Relative Deprivation -- Relative Poverty -- Residual Welfare -- Rights -- Rural Poverty -- Safety Nets -- Scientific Definitions of Poverty -- Secondary Workers -- Security -- Selectivity -- Sen Index -- Social Assistance -- Social Capital -- Social Distance -- Social Economy -- Social Insurance -- Social Protection -- Social Security -- Solidarity -- Speenhamland System -- Squatting -- Standard Food Basket -- Stigma -- Street Children -- Structural Adjustment -- Structural Dependency -- Structural Poverty -- Sub-Employment -- Subjective Poverty Lines -- Sub-Proletariat -- Subsistence -- Survival Strategies -- Targeting -- Tip-Curves -- Totally Fuzzy And Relative (TFR) Poverty Measures -- UBN-PL Method -- Underclass -- Underemployment -- Unemployment -- United States of America Poverty Line -- Urban Segregation -- Vagrancy -- Voice -- Vulnerability -- Web of Deprivation -- Welfare -- Welfare Housing -- Welfare Rights -- Welfare State -- Workfare -- Workhouse; Workhouse Test -- World Bank Poverty Lines.…”
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Poverty alleviation in China : a theoretical and empirical study by Yan, Kun

Table of Contents: “…1.2.4 Criteria for Poverty1.2.5 Economic Growth, Income Distribution, and Poverty; 1.2.6 Treatment of Poverty; 1.2.7 Fiscal Poverty Reduction; 1.2.7.1 Fiscal Investment and Poverty Reduction; 1.2.7.2 Rural Public Demand and Poverty Alleviation; 1.2.7.3 Fiscal Decentralization and Poverty Reduction; 1.2.8 Summary; 1.3 Summary of Theory; 1.3.1 The Poverty Formation Mechanism; 1.3.1.1 The "Vicious Cycle of Poverty" Theory; 1.3.1.2 "Low-Level Equilibrium Trap" Theory; 1.3.1.3 "Circular Cumulative Causation" Theory; 1.3.1.4 "Center-Periphery" Theory; 1.3.1.5 Rights Poverty Theory.…”
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Economics of J S Mill. by Hollander, Samuel

Table of Contents: “…VI: The greatest happiness principle: some comparisons and problems -- VII: Liberty, utility and social control -- VIII: The labour problem and private property: some preliminary implications -- IX: On compensation -- X: Utility versus natural rights: applications to labour and property -- 9 ECONOMIC POLICY: THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT -- I: Introduction -- II: The case for 'free trade' -- III: Government provision: negative considerations -- IV: The case from liberty: consumer choice -- V: Market failure -- VI: Elementary education -- VII: 'Superior' education -- VIII: Professional training -- IX: Mill and education: an overview -- X: Foreign trade policy -- XI: Government and economic development -- XII: Population control, poor relief and full employment policy -- XIII: On local and central administration -- XIV: The labour market: regulation of hours and unions -- XV: Colonization -- XVI: Monopoly and the state -- XVII: Patent protection -- XVIII: Summary: progress and the state -- 10 ECONOMIC POLICY: SOCIAL ORGANIZATION -- I: Introduction -- II: Aspects of the indictment of capitalism -- III: The Communist solution -- IV: The Saint-Simonian and Fourierist solutions -- V: Profit-sharing -- VI: Co-operation: prospects and advantages -- VII: The collectivist option rejected -- VIII: On Socialism: summary -- 11 ECONOMIC POLICY: THE REFORM PROGRAMME -- I: Introduction -- II: Equality of opportunity and property rights -- III: Land reform: distributive aspects -- IV: Land reform: efficiency aspects -- V: Land reform: Ireland -- VI: On endowment and property rights -- VII: Income distribution and public finance -- VIII: On inheritance -- IX: Limitations on bequests and distribution: diminishing utility -- X: The desirability of economic development and the stationary state -- XI: The condition of the people: the poverty trap and the solution.…”
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Making it big : why developing countries need more large firms by Ciani, Andrea, Hyland, Marie, Karalashvili, Nona, Keller, Jennifer, Ragoussis, Alexandros, Tran, Trang Thu

Table of Contents: “…Boxes -- Box 1.1 Comparability of data on establishments versus firms -- Box 1.2 Size and management practices in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Box 1.3 The International Income Distribution Data Set (I2D2) -- Box 1.4 Job quality and development: Is there a trade-off? …”
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Key labor market indicators : analysis with household survey data by Pietschmann, Ina, Kapsos, Steven, Bourmpoula, Evangelia, Sajaia, Zurab, Lokshin, Michael

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Globalization and development : a Latin American and Caribbean perspective

Table of Contents: “…Globalization: A Historical, Multidimensional Perspective -- Economic Globalization -- Noneconomic Dimensions of Globalization -- Ethical and Cultural Dimensions -- Political Dimension -- Opportunities and Risks -- International Trade and the New Global Production Structure -- International Trade -- International Trade and Economic Growth: A Variable Historical Relationship -- Development of the Institutional Framework for International Trade -- Recent Patterns of World Trade -- Two Challenges Posed by the Relationship between Trade and Economic Growth -- The New Global Production Structure -- Microeconomic Foundations -- New Forms of Production and Market Organization -- Implications for Business Decisions and Strategies -- Patterns of FDI and TNC Strategies at the Global Level -- The International Mobility of Capital and Labor -- International Finance and Macroeconomic Regimes -- History of the International Financial System -- Recent Changes and Volatility in Financial Markets -- Capital Flows to Developing Countries -- International Migration -- Inequalities and Asymmetries in the Global Order -- Inequalities in Global Income Distribution -- Long-Term Disparities between Regions and Countries -- Overall Effect of International and National Inequality -- Basic Asymmetries in the Global Order -- Extreme Concentration of Technical Progress in Industrial Countries -- Developing Countries' Greater Macroeconomic Vulnerability -- High Capital Mobility and Low Labor Mobility -- The Rise and Fall of International Cooperation for Development -- An Agenda for the Global Era -- Fundamental Principles for Building a Better Global Order -- Three Key Objectives -- Global Rules and Institutions that Respect Diversity -- Complementarity of Global, Regional, and National Institution Building -- Equitable Participation and Appropriate Rules of Governance -- National Strategies for Dealing with Globalization -- The Role and Basic Components of National Strategies -- Macroeconomic Strategy -- Building Systemic Competitiveness -- Environmental Sustainability -- Social Strategies in an Era of Globalization -- The Key Role of Action at the Regional Level -- The Global Agenda -- The Provision of Global Public Goods in the Macroeconomic Sphere -- Sustainable Development as a Global Public Good -- The Correction of Financial and Macroeconomic Asymmetries -- Overcoming Production and Technological Asymmetries -- The Full Inclusion of Migration on the International Agenda -- Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights: The Foundations for Global Citizenship -- Inclusion and Identity: The Issue of Ethnicity -- The Long-Term Deterioration of Raw Material Prices -- Interest Rates and Emerging-Market Bond Spreads -- World Distribution of Research and Development Activities -- Economic Links between Puerto Rico and the United States -- Ratification of Human Rights Conventions -- Trade and Global Output, 1870-1998 -- Export Growth and GDP Growth in 35 Countries -- Exports from Latin America -- Real Commodity Price Indexes -- Trade and GDP in Latin America, 1870-1998 -- Relationships among Economic Growth, Trade, and the Technology Gap in Latin America, 1950-2000 -- Deindustrialization, Foreign Trade, Employment, and Income -- International Monetary Fund: Total Credits and Outstanding Loans, 1950-2001 -- Financial Derivatives Traded on Organized Exchanges -- Spreads in Emerging Markets -- Net Flows to Developing Countries -- Credits of International Financial Institutions -- External Debt -- International Inequality, Weighted by Population, 1950-98 -- Global Income Inequality, 1820-1992 -- Inequality and Per Capita Income -- Instability of Economic Growth -- Global Exports, by Origin -- GDP Growth: World and Largest Regions, 1820-1998 -- Structure of World Imports, by Origin and Destination, 1985 and 2000 -- Dynamic and Nondynamic Products in World Imports, 1985-2000 -- Export Structure, by Type of Competitive Situation -- Foreign Direct Investment -- Foreign Direct Investment Inflows -- Geographic Concentration of Foreign Subsidiaries in Selected Manufacturing Industries, by Technology Intensiveness, 1999 -- Financial Holdings of Institutional Investors in Selected OECD Countries -- Net Resource Flows, 1973-2001 -- Net Resource Flows, 1990-99 -- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: The 10 Main Countries of Destination of Immigrants -- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: Nations of Origin of Persons Migrating to the Main Recipient Countries, 1999 -- Patterns of Interregional Disparities -- Indexes of Per Capita Income Inequality in the World -- Standard Deviation of Per Capita GDP Growth -- World Trend in Income Inequality, 1975-95 -- World Distribution of Expenditures in R & D and Number of Researchers, 1996-97 -- International Asymmetries: Share of Developing Countries in the World Economy.…”
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Complexus mundi : emergent patterns in nature

Table of Contents: “…Pearson -- The effects of different competition rules on the Power-Law exponent of high income distributions / K. Yamamoto [and others] -- Synergetics on its way to the life sciences / H. …”
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Globalization, and development : country experiences

Table of Contents: “…Domestic Production and Trade Policy Reforms in China -- WTO MEMBERSHIP, EXCHANGE RATE AND DOMESTIC SAVINGS -- Exchange Rate -- Domestic Saving and Consumption Repression -- Rural-Urban Divide and Income Distribution: Meeting Their Basic Needs -- OTHER DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- OTHER CONSEQUENCES -- STRUCTURAL REFORM, GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT -- BREAK DOWN OF THE NATION STATE -- APPROPRIATE INSTITUTIONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES -- MAIN ISSUES TO BE DISCUSSED -- Trade, Industrialisation and Development -- Food Supply -- Development and Environment -- CONCLUDING COMMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR PARTNERSHIPS FOR CORRECTING INFRASTRUCTURE BOTTLENECK IN INDIA -- INTRODUCTION -- ROAD-RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -- COORDINATION OF ROAD AND RAIL -- INFRASTRUCTURE BOTTLENECKS -- FIVE YEAR PLANS AND ROAD-RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE -- PPP POLICY FOR ROAD-RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE -- CONCLUDING COMMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 GLOBALISATION AND THE EMERGENCE OF INDIA'S KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY -- INTRODUCTION -- KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH -- KNOWLEDGE, GLOBALISATION AND GROWTH -- ICT GROWTH UNDER GLOBALISATION -- THE EMERGING KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY OF INDIA -- ROLE, GROWTH AND PERFORMANCE OF ICT SECTORS IN INDIA -- (a) The Share of IT Industry in India's GDP -- (b) Share of IT in Domestic and Export Markets.…”
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Agent-based modeling of tax evasion : theoretical aspects and computational simulations

Table of Contents: “…4.2.2.5 Individual Prediction4.2.2.6 Interaction; 4.2.2.7 Collectives; 4.2.2.8 Heterogeneity; 4.2.2.9 Stochasticity; 4.2.2.10 Observation and Emergence; 4.2.3 Details; 4.3 Modeling Individual Compliance; 4.3.1 Expected Utility; 4.3.2 Behavioral Models; 4.3.3 Psychic Costs and Social Customs; 4.4 Riskâ#x80;#x90;Taking and Income Distribution; 4.5 Attitudes, Beliefs, and Network Effects; 4.5.1 Networks and Meetings; 4.5.2 Formation of Beliefs; 4.5.2.1 Audits and Beliefs; 4.5.2.2 Information Exchange and Beliefs; 4.5.2.3 Formation of Attitudes; 4.6 Equilibrium with Random and Targeted Audits.…”
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Reconstructing macroeconomics : structuralist proposals and critiques of the mainstream by Taylor, Lance, 1940-

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The Economics of Thomas Robert Malthus. by Hollander, Samuel

Table of Contents: “…V: Trade policy and social welfare -- 17 AGRICULTURAL PROTECTION -- I: Introduction -- II: Early opposition to 'commercial systems': 1803, 1806 -- III: The 'free trade' position in 1813-1814 -- IV: The case for protection, 1815: Aggregate activity, class distribution, and security -- V: The case for protection, 1815: A 'utilitarian' overview -- VI: 'Agricultural bias, ' 1815 -- VII: Balanced growth and protectionism, 1817 -- VIII: The case for intervention, 1820 -- IX: Malthus's new position: The evidence -- X: The rationale for the policy transition -- XI: Summary and conclusion -- Appendix A: Gainful labour force and labour participation ratios, Great Britain, 1780-1851 -- Appendix B: Digest of major Corn Laws -- Appendix C: Huskisson and others and the abandonment of agricultural protection -- 18 SOCIAL REFORM AND THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT -- I: Introduction -- II: Policy objectives: 'High' wages and population growth -- III: On Malthus's 'pessimism' -- IV: The first (1798) Essay: Prudence vs poverty -- V: The transition from 1798: The moral calculus elaborated -- VI: Prologue to the theory of economic policy: The Principles -- VII: Labour policy and social control -- VIII: Income distribution -- IX: Conclusion -- 19 UTILITARIANISM IN A THEOLOGICAL CONTEXT -- I: Introduction -- II: The theological chapters of the first Essay -- III: A utility calculus, 1798 -- IV: Moral restraint and utilitarianism -- V: Prudential control and utilitarianism -- VI: More on the desirability of population expansion -- VII: Summary and conclusion -- CONCLUSION -- I: Introduction -- II: Malthus's positive case for deductive theory and his practice -- III: The formal critique of Ricardian theory -- IV: Methodological objections to Adam Smith -- V: On verification, prediction, and disturbing causes: The uses of economic theory.…”
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Reshaping Global Value Chains in Light of COVID-19 Implications for Trade and Poverty Reduction in Developing Countries. by Brenton, Paul

Table of Contents: “…Figure 5.5 Distributional impacts, by region and scenario, 2010-30 -- Figure 5.6 Reduction in extreme poverty in the GVC-friendly liberalization and TF imports scenario relative to pre-COVID-19 conditions, by region -- Figure 5.7 Change in income of the bottom 40 ­percent and top 60 ­percent of the income distribution relative to the COVID-19 L-shape recovery, by scenario and region -- Figure 5.8 Wages for unskilled females relative to rest of wages, 2030, by scenario and region -- Figure 5.9 Change in CO2 emissions in 2030 relative to the pre-COVID-19 baseline: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and NDC targets, by region -- Figure 5.10 Change in exports and imports due to the implementation of NDC policies, 2030 relative to the post-COVID-19 baseline, by region -- Figure 5.11 Impacts of the CBAM on total exports by EU trading partners and carbon intensity of exports to the EU: 2030 relative to the EU Green Deal implementation scenario, by region -- Figure 5.12 Impacts of the EU Green Deal and CBAM on output in the EU: 2030 relative to the scenario with NDCs, by sector -- Figure 5.13 Impacts of the EU Green Deal and CBAM on EU imports, 2030 relative to scenario with NDCs, by sector -- Figure 5.14 Impacts of CBAM on Europe and Central Asia, 2030 -- Figure 5.15 Impacts of climate mitigation policies on GVC participation: 2030 relative to the the post-COVID-19 baseline and GVC participation rate, by country and region -- Figure 5.16 Impacts of climate mitigation policies on GVC participation: 2030 relative to the the post-COVID-19 baseline, by sector -- Figure 5.17 Impacts of the CBAM on GVC participation for the electronics sector, by country and region -- Maps -- Map 3.1 COVID-19-related travel restrictions, February 2021 -- Map 6.1 Implementation status of COVID-19-related export curbs in the medical sector -- Tables.…”
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Handbook of US consumer economics

Table of Contents: “…Characteristics of the household debt boom -- 4.1 Composition of household debt -- 4.2 Government-controlled banks and a tale of two booms -- 4.3 Credit growth across the income distribution -- 5. Potential causes of the household debt boom -- 5.1 Macroeconomic context -- 5.2 Institutional reforms and domestic programs -- 5.3 International factors -- 6. …”
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Population and development : high and low fertility in poorer countries

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