Eastern Han (AD 25-220) tombs in Sichuan

Eastern Han (AD 25-220) tombs in Sichuan /

This work explores the many factors underlying the extended popularity of the cliff tomb, a local burial form in the Sichuan Basin in China during the Eastern Han dynasty (AD 25-220). The development of the cliff tomb was linked to a complex set of connections involved with burial forms, and continu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Chen, Xuan, 1985- (Author)
Format: Electronic eBook
Language:English
Chinese
Published: Oxford : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, [2015]
Series:Archaeopress archaeology.
Subjects:
Tombs > China > Sichuan Sheng > History > To 1500.
Burial > China > History > To 1500.
Excavations (Archaeology) > China > Sichuan Sheng.
Sichuan Sheng (China) > Antiquities.
China > History > Han dynasty, 202 B.C.-220 A.D.
Online Access: Full text (Emmanuel users only)
Table of Contents:
  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
  • 1. Major Burial Types in Eastern Han
  • 2. Development of Burial Form in the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220)
  • 3. The Social Background
  • 4. Textual Sources
  • 5. Archaeological Discoveries
  • 6. Literature Review
  • 7. Research Approaches
  • 8. Chapter Outline
  • Figure 1. Distribution of the cliff tombs in the Sichuan Basin. Redrawn after Tang 1997: fig. 1, by Xuan Chen.
  • Figure 2. Distribution of the major Eastern Han tombs. Drawn by Xuan Chen.
  • Figure 3. Outside the tomb Zijingwan M3 in Santai. Photograph by Xuan Chen.
  • Figure 4. Entrance to the tomb Zijingwan M3 in Santai. Photograph by Xuan Chen.
  • Figure 5. Plan of the tomb Zijingwan M3 in Santai. After Sichuan sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiuyuan, Mianyang shi bowuguan and Santai xian wenwu guanli suo 2007: 81, fig. 101.
  • Figure 6. Ceiling of the rear chamber of the tomb Zijingwan M3 in Santai. After Sichuan sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiuyuan, Mianyang shi bowuguan and Santai xian wenwu guanli suo 2007: pl. 112.
  • Figure 7. A column and a low wall at the entrance to a side chamber of the tomb Zijingwan M3 in Santai. Photograph by Xuan Chen.
  • Figure 8. A crane carved in the doorway of the tomb Zijingwan M3 in Santai. After Sichuan sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiuyuan, Mianyang shi bowuguan and Santai xian wenwu guanli suo 2007: pl. 114.
  • Figure 9. Stoves carved in a side chamber of the tomb Zijingwan M3 in Santai. After Sichuan sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiuyuan, Mianyang shi bowuguan and Santai xian wenwu guanli suo 2007: pl. 111.
  • Figure 10. The Zengjiabao brick chamber tomb M1 and M2 under a burial mound in Chengdu. After Luo Erhu 2001: 454.
  • Figure 11. Panoramic view of the Dahuting tomb M2 in Mixian in Henan. After Henan sheng wenwu yanjiusuo 1993: fig. 161.
  • Figure 12. Panoramic view of the front chamber of the Yi'nan tomb in Shandong. After Zeng Zhaoyu, Jiang Baogeng and Li Zhongyi 1956: 6.
  • Figure 13. An ideal plan of an Eastern Han cemetery with the que pillars. Redrawn after Wu 1995: fig. 4.1, by Xuan Chen.
  • Figure 14. The Yang's family que pillar in Jiajiang in Sichuan. After Chongqing shi wenhua ju and Chongqing shi bowuguan 1992: 59.
  • Figure 15. Elevation of the Mawangdui tomb in Changsha in Hunan. After Hunan bowuguan and Zhongguo kexueyuan kaogu yanjiusuo 1973: fig. 3.
  • Figure 16. Elevation and plan of the Feng Ruren's tomb in Nanyang in Henan. After Nanyang diqu wenwu dui and Nanyang bowuguan 1980.2: fig. 2.
  • Figure 17. The tomb of the king of Guangling in Gaoyou in Jiangsu. Photograph by Xuan Chen.
  • Figure 18. The Beidongshan tomb in Xuzhou in Jiangsu. After Xuzhou bowuguan and Nanjing daxue lishi xue xi kaogu zhuanye 2003: fig. 4.
  • Figure 19. Powerful families recorded in the Huayang guo zhi.
  • Figure 20. Pottery brick relief of an Eastern Han courtyard house. After Liu 1983: fig. 71.
  • Figure 21. Rubbings of two guards holding weapon from the Shiziwan cliff tomb in Leshan. After Gong Tingwan, Gong Yu and Dai Jialing 1998: figs. 224-225.
  • Figure 22. Rubbings of two archers from the cliff tombs in Santai. After Gong Tingwan, Gong Yu and Dai Jialing 1998: figs. 226-227.
  • Figure 23. Plan of the cliff tomb Tianhuishan no. 3 in Chengdu. After Liu Zhiyuan 1958: fig. 3.
  • Chapter 2 Tomb Structure
  • 1. Archaeological Evidence
  • 2. Stone as Building Material
  • 3. Wooden Architecture as Framework of Representation
  • 4. Important Structure for Ritual and Sacrifice
  • 5. Conclusion
  • Figure 24. Categories of cliff tomb structures. After Luo Erhu 1988: fig. 5.
  • Figure 25. Major features of the cliff tombs in different areas of Sichuan.
  • Figure 26. Illustration of the façade of the cliff tomb Lijiagou M355 in Pengshan. After Chen Mingda 2003a: fig. 4.
  • Figure 27. The Qigedong cliff tombs in Changning in Sichuan. Photograph by Xuan Chen.
  • Figure 28. Planed cliff tombs at Qijiang in Santai. Photograph by Xuan Chen.
  • Figure 29. Plan of the site containing the Taliangzi cliff tombs M1-M6 in Zhongjiang. After Beijing Sichuan sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiuyuan, Deyang shi wenwu kaogu yanjiusuo and Zhongjiang xian wenwu baohu guanli suo 2008: fig. 3.
  • Figure 30. Plan of the Mahao I M1 in Leshan. After Tang Changshou 1990: fig. 1.
  • Figure 31. The que pillars of Gao Yi in Ya'an in Sichuan. After Chongqing shi wenhua ju and Chongqing shi bowuguan 1992: fig. 89.
  • Figure 32. Plan of the Bailinpo M1 in Santai. After Sichuan sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiuyuan, Mianyang shi bowuguan and Santai xian wenwu guanli suo 2007: fig. 179.
  • Figure 33. Plan of the Shiziwan no. 1 in Leshan. Redrawn after Tang 1997: fig. 2, by Xuan Chen.
  • Figure 34. Plan of the tomb Dongzipai M1 in Santai. After Sichuan sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiuyuan, Mianyang shi bowuguan and Santai xian wenwu guanli suo 2007: fig. 281.
  • Figure 35. Bottom view of the Bailinpo M1 in Santai. After Sichuan sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiuyuan, Mianyang shi bowuguan and Santai xian wenwu guanli suo 2007: fig. 180.
  • Figure 36. Plan of the Dayunao tomb no. 76 in Qingshen in Sichuan. After Tang Changshou 1993: fig. 5.
  • Figure 37. Plan of the site of the cliff tombs M1, M2, M4 and M5 (from left to right) at Tongbankou in Xishui in Guizhou. After Huang Siting 1986: fig. 1.
  • Figure 38. Plan of the Mahao II M99 in Leshan. After Tang Changshou 1993: fig. 6.
  • Figure 39. The rear pillar in the Hujiawan M1 in Santai. Photograph by Xuan Chen.
  • Figure 40. Illustration of the entrance of the Douyafanggou M166 in Pengshan. After Chen Mingda 2003a: fig. 16.
  • Figure 41. A pillar with the bow-shaped icon and other auspicious images in the Zhaizishan M530 in Pengshan. After Chen Mingda 2003a: fig. 18.
  • Figure 42. A column in a burial chamber of the Bailinpo M1 in Santai. Photograph by Xuan Chen.
  • Figure 43. View of the tomb Hujiawan M1 in Santai. After Sichuan sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiuyuan, Mianyang shi bowuguan and Santai xian wenwu guanli suo 2007: pl. 288.
  • Figure 44. A ceiling in the tomb Zijingwan M3 in Santai. After Sichuan sheng wenwu kaogu yanjiuyuan, Mianyang shi bowuguan and Santai xian wenwu guanli suo 2007: fig. 107.
  • Figure 45. Paintings of the sun and moon on the ceiling of the Buqianqiu tomb in Luoyang in Henan (late Western Han). After Huang Minglan and Guo Yinqiang 1996: pls. 7 and 18.
  • Figure 46. Rubbing and illustration of an Eastern Han pictorial stone illustrating funerary scene from Weishan in Shandong. After Xin Lixiang 2000: fig. 115.
  • Figure 47. The tomb door with inscription from the cliff tomb HM3 in Xindu in Sichuan. After Gao Wen 2011: 184.
  • Chapter 3 Pictorial Carvings
  • 1. Pictorial Carvings in Stone and Brick Chamber Tombs: Communication between Sichuan and East China
  • 2. Pictorial Carvings in the Shrine
  • 3. Pictorial Carvings and Memorial in the Cliff Tomb
  • 4. Pictorial carvings and the Representation of Ritual in the Cliff Tomb
  • 5. Conclusion
  • Figure 48. Panoramic view of the Dahuting tomb no. 1 in Mixian in Henan. After Henan sheng wenwu yanjiusuo 1993: fig. 16.
  • Figure 49. Elevation and plan of Zengjiabao no. 2 in Chengdu in Sichuan. After Chengdu shi wenwu guanlichu 1981: fig. 3.
  • Figure 50. Rubbings of the reliefs on the rear walls of the two rear chambers of Zengjiabao no. 1 in Chengdu. After Chengdu shi wenwu guanlichu 1981: figs. 4 and 5.
  • Figure 51. Front side of the door of Zengjiabao no. 2 in Chengdu. After Chengdu shi wenwu guanlichu 1981: pl. 1.
  • Figure 53. Plan and elevation of the Hechuan tomb in Sichuan. After Chongqing shi bowuguan tianye kaogu gongzuo and Hechuan xian wenhuaguan tianye kaogu gongzuo xiaozu 1977: figs. 1 and 2.
  • Figure 55. Illustration of Fu Xi holding the sun carved on one of the door posts of the door to the rear chamber of the Hechuan tomb. After Chongqing shi bowuguan tianye kaogu gongzuo and Hechuan xian wenhuaguan tianye kaogu gongzuo xiaozu 1977: fig. 20.
  • Figure 56. Illustration of the carving of a squatting sheep in the niche of the front chamber of the Hechuan tomb. After Chongqing shi bowuguan tianye kaogu gongzuo and Hechuan xian wenhuaguan tianye kaogu gongzuo xiaozu 1977: fig. 6.
  • Figure 57. Rubbing of an immortal holding the lingzhi carved in the Hechuan tomb in Sichuan. After Chongqing shi bowuguan tianye kaogu gongzuo and Hechuan xian wenhuaguan tianye kaogu gongzuo xiaozu 1977: fig. 7.
  • Figure 58. Illustration of a flute playing figure carved in the Hechuan tomb in Sichuan. After Chongqing shi bowuguan tianye kaogu gongzuo and Hechuan xian wenhuaguan tianye kaogu gongzuo xiaozu 1977: fig. 4.
  • Figure 59. Rubbing of a bird holding a fish in the Hechuan tomb in Sichuan. After Chongqing shi bowuguan tianye kaogu gongzuo and Hechuan xian wenhuaguan tianye kaogu gongzuo xiaozu 1977: fig. 3.
  • Figure 60. Rubbing of a flute playing figure carved in a cliff tomb in Zhongjiang in Sichuan. After Zhongguo huaxiangshi quanji bianji weiyuanhui 2000b: pl. 9.

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