Karl Marx
Karl Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German-born philosopher, political theorist, economist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His best-known works are the 1848 pamphlet ''The Communist Manifesto'' (with Friedrich Engels) and his three-volume (1867–1894); the latter employs his critical approach of historical materialism in an analysis of capitalism, in the culmination of his intellectual endeavours. Marx's ideas and their subsequent development, collectively known as Marxism, have had enormous influence on modern intellectual, economic and political history.Born in Trier in the Kingdom of Prussia, Marx studied at the universities of Bonn, Berlin, and Jena, and received a doctorate in philosophy from the latter in 1841. A Young Hegelian, he was influenced by the philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, and both critiqued and developed Hegel's ideas in works such as ''The German Ideology'' (written 1846) and the ''Grundrisse'' (written 1857–1858). While in Paris in 1844, Marx wrote his ''Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts'' and met Engels, who became his closest friend and collaborator. After moving to Brussels in 1845, they were active in the Communist League, and in 1848 wrote ''The Communist Manifesto'', which expresses Marx's ideas and lays out a programme for revolution. Marx was expelled from Belgium and Germany, and in 1849 moved to London, where he wrote ''The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte'' (1852) and . From 1864, Marx was involved in the International Workingmen's Association (First International), in which he fought the influence of anarchists led by Mikhail Bakunin. In his ''Critique of the Gotha Programme'' (1875), Marx wrote on revolution, the state and the transition to communism. He died stateless in 1883 and was buried in Highgate Cemetery.
Marx's critiques of history, society and political economy hold that human societies develop through class conflict. In the capitalist mode of production, this manifests itself in the conflict between the ruling classes (known as the bourgeoisie) that control the means of production and the working classes (known as the proletariat) that enable these means by selling their labour power in return for wages. Employing his historical materialist approach, Marx predicted that capitalism produced internal tensions like previous socioeconomic systems and that these tensions would lead to its self-destruction and replacement by a new system known as the socialist mode of production. For Marx, class antagonisms under capitalism—owing in part to its instability and crisis-prone nature—would eventuate the working class's development of class consciousness, leading to their conquest of political power and eventually the establishment of a classless, communist society constituted by a free association of producers. Marx actively pressed for its implementation, arguing that the working class should carry out organised proletarian revolutionary action to topple capitalism and bring about socio-economic emancipation.
Marx has been described as one of the most influential figures in Modern era, and his work has been both lauded and criticised. Marxism has exerted major influence on socialist thought and political movements, and during the 20th century revolutionary governments identifying as Marxist took power in many countries and established socialist states including the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. Theoretical variants such as Leninism, Marxism–Leninism, Trotskyism, and Maoism have been developed. Marx's work in economics has had a strong influence on modern heterodox theories of labour and capital, and he is often cited as one of the principal architects of modern social science. Provided by Wikipedia
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Capital : a critique of political economy : volume II, book 2, The process of circulation of capital / Process of circulation of capital by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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The Communist manifesto by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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The communist manifesto by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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The Civil war in France by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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The 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte / Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Critique of the Gotha Programme / Critique of the Gotha Program by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Marx's capital : a student edition by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Capital. by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Capital. a critique of political economy by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Marx's economic manuscript of 1864-1865 by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Preface to a critique of political economy by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Marx on religion / On religion by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Selected writings in sociology & social philosophy by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Economic and philosophic manuscripts of 1844 by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Writings of the young Marx on philosophy and society by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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On religion by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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The eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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The unknown Karl Marx ; documents concerning Karl Marx by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Capital : a critique of political economy by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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The class struggles in France, 1848-1850. by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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The Marx-Engels reader by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Early writings by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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The civil war in France by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Selected writings by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Value, price and profit : addressed to working men by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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The poverty of philosophy by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Karl Marx, Frederick Engels : collected works / Frederick Engels : by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Critique of the Gotha programme / Gotha programme by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Karl Marx : economy, class and social revolution / Economy, class and social revolution by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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The German ideology : parts I & II by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Grundrisse. : Foundations of the critique of political economy / Foundations of the critique of political economy by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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On society and social change by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Revolution in Spain by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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Basic writings on politics and philosophy by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883
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The Communist manifesto by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883, Engels, Friedrich, 1820-1895
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The Communist manifesto by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883, Engels, Friedrich, 1820-1895
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The Communist manifesto by Marx, Karl, 1818-1883, Engels, Friedrich, 1820-1895
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A guide to Marx's Capital by Brewer, Anthony, 1942-2018
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Germany: revolution and counter-revolution by Engels, Friedrich, 1820-1895
Published 1969Other Authors: “…Marx, Karl, 1818-1883…”
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Harold J. Laski on the Communist manifesto ; an introduction / On the Communist manifesto by Laski, Harold J. (Harold Joseph), 1893-1950
Published 1967Other Authors: “…Marx, Karl, 1818-1883…”
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