World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. The World Bank is the collective name for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA), two of five international organizations owned by the World Bank Group. It was established along with the International Monetary Fund at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference. After a slow start, its first loan was to France in 1947. In the 1970s, it focused on loans to developing world countries, shifting away from that mission in the 1980s. For the last 30 years, it has included NGOs and environmental groups in its loan portfolio. Its loan strategy is influenced by the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, as well as environmental and social safeguards., the World Bank is run by a president and 25 executive directors, as well as 29 various vice presidents. IBRD and IDA have 189 and 174 member countries, respectively. The U.S., Japan, China, Germany and the U.K. have the most voting power. The bank aims loans at developing countries to help reduce poverty. The bank is engaged in several global partnerships and initiatives, and takes a role in working toward addressing climate change. The World Bank operates a number of training wings, and it works with the Clean Air Initiative and the UN Development Business. It works within the Open Data Initiative and hosts an Open Knowledge Repository.
The World Bank has been criticized as promoting inflation and harming economic development, causing protests in 1988 and 2000. There has also been criticism of the bank's governance and response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The president David Malpass faced strong criticism as he challenged the scientific consensus on climate change. He was replaced by Ajay Banga, supporting climate action. Provided by Wikipedia
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Private Health Sector Assessment in Mali : the Post-Bamako Initiative Reality. by Bank, The World
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World Bank South Asia Economic Update 2010 : Moving Up, Looking East. by Bank, The World
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Planning, Connecting, and Financing Cities -- Now : Priorities for City Leaders. by Bank, The World
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Budgeting for Effectiveness in Rwanda : From Reconstruction to Reform. by Bank, The World
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Microfinance Handbook : an Institutional and Financial Perspective. by Bank, The World
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The Little Data Book on External Debt 2011. by Bank, The World
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International Debt Statistics 2013 : External Debt of Developing Countries. by Bank, The World
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Knowledge-Based Country Programs : an Evaluation of World Bank Group Experience. by Bank, The World
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The Little Data Book 2010. by Bank, The World
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Analyzing the Effects of Policy Reforms on the Poor : an Evaluation of the Effectiveness of World Bank Support to Poverty and Social Impact Analyses. by Bank, The World
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The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010. by Bank, The World
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Private Health Sector Assessment in Ghana. by Bank, The World
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Global Monitoring Report 2011 : Improving the Odds of Achieving the MDGs. by Bank, The World
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The Little Green Data Book 2010. by Bank, The World
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Urbanization beyond Municipal Boundaries : Nurturing Metropolitan Economies and Connecting Peri-Urban Areas in India. by Bank, The World
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Education in South Sudan : Status and Challenges for a New System. by Bank, The World
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What Can We Learn from Nutrition Impact Evaluations? : Lessons from a Review of Interventions to Reduce Child Malnutrition in Developing Countries. by Bank, The World
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China 2030 : Building a Modern, Harmonious, and Creative Society. by Bank, The World
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Opening Doors : Gender Equality and Development in the Middle East and North Africa. by Bank, The World
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Global Economic Prospects, June 2017 : a Fragile Recovery. by World Bank Group, World Bank
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Global Economic Prospects, June 2018 : the Turning of the Tide?. by World Bank Group, World Bank
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Global Economic Prospects, January 2018 : Broad-Based Upturn, but for How Long?. by World Bank Group, World Bank
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